基本動作技能被視為是建立未來後續進階動作的重要基礎，而幼童時期是發展基本動作技能的關鍵時期。然目前相關研究多著重在6歲以上之兒童，較缺乏3至5歲幼童的研究，因此，進行幼童基本動作技能發展之研究有其必要性。本研究主要採用測驗法探討嘉義地區3至5足歲之幼童在基本動作技能發展之現況，研究對象為城鄉公立及私立各2所幼兒園267名幼童（男童136名、女童131名，平均年齡4.4歲）。本研究結果顯示3至5歲幼童在移動性技能的表現比物體操控技能佳，其基本動作表現也會隨年齡增加表現更好。男女童在移動性技能之表現無顯著差異，但男童在物體操控技能之表現優於女童，尤其在原地運球技能項目。在BMI方面，體型一般的幼童在物體操控技能之表現均優於體型偏瘦的幼童，而體型一般的幼童與肥胖的幼童在定位擊球與過肩丟球之技能表現上也優於體型偏瘦的幼童。另在移動性技能表現上，體型一般的幼童比肥胖體型的幼童在踏併步跳及立定跳遠之表現更佳，而體型偏瘦的幼童在立定跳遠之表現也優於肥胖的幼童。本研究結論為幼童之基本動作技能發展會受其性別、年齡及BMI之影響而有不同。 Fundamental movement skills are considered as important foundation for establishing the future advanced skills. Early childhood is a critical period for developing the fundamental movement skills. However, most of research studies were focused on children aged above 6 years, and there is a dearth of knowledge among children aged between 3 and years. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the development of fundamental movement skills in preschool children. In this study, test method was conducted to investigate the fundamental movement skills of children ages 3-5 years. One hundred thirty-six boys and 131 girls (mean age = 4.4 years) from 4 different preschools of Chiayi City were participated in this study. Results showed that the locomotor skills were superior to object control skills among participants. The fundamental movement skills performed better with age. No significant differences between boys and girls in locomotor skills. However, boys were better than girls in object control skills, especially, in stationary dribbling skills. Furthermore, participants classified as normal-weight had better performance in object control skills than their under-weight peers. Scores for striking a stationary ball and overhand throw were significantly better in normal-weight and overweight or obese children when compared with their under-weight counterparts. Scores for gallop and horizontal jump skills were significantly higher in normalweight children compared with their overweight or obese counterparts. Interestingly, scores for horizontal jump skill were significantly better in under-weight children as compared with their overweight or obese children. It was concluded that the gender, age, and BMI of preschool children would affect their development of fundamental movement skills.
關聯:
大專體育學刊/Sports & Exercise Research 16卷3期 pp.287-296
