| 摘要: | 保護性業務被認為是高危險、高負荷、高流動率的社會工作實務領域，不但影響組織管理，也影響對服務對象及社會的責信。從消極面來說，社會工作督導，能提供社會工作者支持以對抗外在壓力、減緩傷害；從積極面來說，則可增強受督者的權能、促進自我察覺，並激勵其對助人專業的承諾。在督導的三個傳統功能中，支持性功能被受督者認為很重要，但在實務上卻被督導者以各種原因忽略。影響督導關係的因素中，除了組織因素、督導者及受督者個人因素外，還包括在督導情境下兩人所構成獨一無二的互動性因素，例如：權力與權威的互動、關係中正向情感性的支持與互動、負面情緒及事件…等，都影響著關係的品質。目前國內多數研究聚焦於督導功能、角色與期待的問題及困境，並且僅就受督者或督導者單方角度來瞭解督導關係。本研究計畫以雙向視角，透過深度訪談七對在保護性社工實務場域中，現為正向督導關係之配對督導者及受督者，了解他們如何詮釋其關係中的動態性。每位受訪者進行一個個別訪談，一次共同訪談。理論層次上，本研究將以Kaiser的動態性督導概念模式做為分析起點，佐以在地文化脈絡，透過質性研究方法，建構台灣在地性保護性社工正向督導關係之動態性歷程，以提供目前正在經歷督導關係困境之實務工作者參考。研究結果摘要如下：1.依據訪談資料分析修正Kaiser(2004)的督導概念模式圖，認為督導關係、督導過程、目的非線性的呈現，而是三者互為循環的影響；並在華人文化脈絡與組織制度運行中作用。2.保護性社工因服務內涵為人身安全保護的特殊性，督導方式多以即時案件的指示及督導為原則，且空間的接近，讓督導能觀察需求並適時提供協助。另外，除直屬的督導外，資深社工提供重要實務經驗及支持，也能促成同儕督導功能的發揮。因此，除個別性督導關係外，團隊氛圍的帶領亦為保護性社工督導能發揮功能的重要途徑策略。3.正向督導關係的建構過程，在初期藉由彼此主動試探、觀察回應開始，經歷正負向事件後，在安全接納、不需擔心的氛圍中持續討論以累積信任。雖督導關係中，權力及權威因素不可避免，但隨著正向關係的發展，共享意義、「一起」及「相挺」關懷性支持…等正向情感的增加，促成關係中最重要的基石--即「信任」，也讓關係的目的從工具性的角色關係至情感性的夥伴關係，關係的範圍漸漸從工作領域至私人領域。另因華人文化中情感表達較為含蓄委婉，在督導關係中工作層面的正向情感，通常能直接透過語言或文字訊息傳達；但若為個人層面則較難面對面的傳達，而是透過互動中彼此的感受、默契而心領神會。
The practice of protective social work is considered to be high-risk, high-load, high-flow, which not only affects organizational management, but also affects the accountability of their clients and society. Social work supervision can provide social workers support to relieve of external pressures and injuries; it can empower supervisee, promote self-awareness, and enhance their commitment to engage in social work at the same time. In fact, the supervisory relationship is an important medium of providing educative, administrative, and supportive functions. However, the supportive function of supervisory, even though is generally regarded as the most important by the supervisee, it's neglected by the supervisor for various reasons. In addition to personal and organizational factors affecting supervisory relationship, which be established the unique relationship by supervisor and supervisee, it also includes the interactive factors in the supervisory situation. For example, power and authority, emotional support, security, trust...etc., those concern the quality of supervisory relationship. Most of the research in Taiwan focuses on the dilemmas of supervisory function, supervisor's role and the difference expectance between the two sides, and study supervisory relationship only from one-side (supervisors or supervisors). Therefore, this research explored the supervisory relationship from two-way perspectives, dyad, supervisor and supervisee both agree with they are in positively supervisory relationship of protective social work practice. This study interviewed seven pairs of protective social workers and supervisors, one for each individual interview and one for paired interview. Taking the dynamically supervisory concept model of Kaiser as the analysis structure, this paper constructs the dynamic course of the positive supervision relationship. The grounded theory was used in this study, establish theory that grounded Taiwan's cultural context. The research results as follows: 1.Based on the analysis of interview data, this study revises Kaiser's (2004) concept model of supervision. It does not regard the relationship of supervision, supervision process, and goals as linear relationships, but considers the three to be circular. Social work supervision effect in the Chinese cultural context and organization settings. 2.Protective social workers are designed to protect personal safety. Supervisors are often asked to provide immediate instructions on how to serve clients. The proximity of the office location allows the supervisor to be aware of the needs of social workers and provide assistance at any time. In addition, the cooperation of the team can also strengthen the supervision function. 3.The process of constructing the relationship of positive supervision, the tentative exploration and observation of each other at the beginning. After experiencing negative events, continue to discuss and accumulate trust in an atmosphere of safe acceptance and no fear of being accused. Although power and authority exist in a supervisory relationship, with the development of a positive relationship, sharing meaning, caring support, and bear together contribute to the most important cornerstone of the relationship,“the trust”. In the positive supervision relationship, the instrumental role extends to the emotional partnership. In addition, in Chinese culture, the expression of emotion is implicit, and it is usually perceived through feelings and tacit understanding in interaction. |
