| 摘要: | 背景及目的：探討女性使用芳香療法的研究非常多。但是，研究影響中老年女性高血壓患者睡眠品質與使用芳香療法的論文則不多。所以，本研究針對分析中高齡（45-64歲）與高齡（65歲以上）女性高血壓患者，其睡眠品質、使用芳香療法情形以及對芳香療法知識及態度等相關因子，進行調查研究。實驗設計：橫斷式問卷調查研究。研究對象與方法：本研究以台灣地區經醫師診斷為高血壓的女性患者為受訪對象，年齡小於45歲者排除在外，採方便取樣法以面對面訪談方式進行調查。問卷內容包括:基本資料、生活型態、健康狀態、睡眠品質量表、使用芳香療法情形及對芳香療法之知識和態度量表等。以描述性統計、皮爾森卡方、費雪精確分析、單因子變異數分析、多變項羅吉斯迴歸等進行分析各相關因子。結果：本研究於2020年10月至2021年2月期間，共發出500份問卷（有效完成率93%）。受訪者平均年齡為63.3歲、身體質量指數為24.4 kg/m2、教育程度國中以下占45.8%、60.0%為已退休或無工作、76.8%有宗教信仰、自覺健康狀況普通的有67.7%、84.5%已停經、68.4%的受訪者罹患高血壓已超過一年、54.5%因身體不適而發現有高血壓、76.1%有症狀、36.9%為遺傳性高血壓、40.0%每三固月回診以及48.1%有定期服用高血壓藥物；而且高齡者較會定期服用藥物。受訪者平均睡眠品質量表得分為8.3分，有熬夜者、發現高血壓時的收縮壓較高、有定期服用高血壓藥物者以及有做高血壓檢查者等睡眠品質較差。宗教信仰為佛教者、每天都有喝茶習慣者、身體疾病引起的高血壓者，以及每三、六個月或不一定回診時間者等較會使用芳香療法，最重要的是，有使用芳香療法者在知識量表及態度量表平均總分較高。 結論：中老年女性高血壓患者睡眠品質欠佳情形相當嚴重，使用芳香療法則以中高齡受訪者較多，而且芳香療法可改善高血壓引起的頭痛及頭暈等症狀。本研究結果可提供相關醫療及照護單位重視女性高血壓患者的衛教資訊，也建議患者能多暸解芳香療法的知識，以舒緩高血壓引起的身體不適以及改善睡眠品質。
Background and Objective: Numerous research studying on women's use of aromatherapy have been reported; however, their relationships with the sleep quality among middle-aged and elderly women with hypertension remained investigation. This study aimed to explore the sleep quality, aromatherapy use, knowledge and attitudes of aromatherapy, and their associated factors in the middle-aged (45-64 years old), and elderly (65 years and older) female hypertensive patients. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey.Mterials and Methods: Female patients, who perceived or were diagnosed high blood pressure by a doctor in Taiwan, were invited to participate the survey, while those who were younger than 45 years old were excluded from this study. The study adopted Convenience Sampling to collect data through surveying questions in person, which contain basic information, lifestyle, perceived health status, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), aromatherapy use, and questionnaire of knowledge and attitude toward aromatherapy. Next, Descriptive Statistics, Pearson's Chi-Square, Fisher's Exact Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOV), and Multivariate Logic Regression were used to analyze the correlated factors. Results: The research was conducted during October 2020 and February 2021, and a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed with a response rate of 93 %. The average age of the interviewees was 63.3 years old, the body mass index was 24.4 kg/m2, 45.8% had an education level of junior high school or below, 60.0% were retired or unemployed, 76.8% had religious beliefs, and 67.7% considered themselves a normal health condition, 84.5% had menopause, 68.4% of the interviewees had hypertension for more than one year, 54.5% were found to have hypertension due to physical discomfort, 76.1% had symptoms, 36.9% had hereditary hypertension, 40.0% of the patients returned to the clinic every three months and 48.1% took medication for hypertension regularly. The score of the mean PSQI score was 8.3. Those with high blood pressure stayed up late and were found systolic blood pressure was higher, and those taking antihypertensive agents regularly and undergoing hypertension examinations have poor sleep quality. Those who are religiously Buddhist, in the habit of drinking tea every day, having high blood pressure caused by physical diseases, and having a certain return time every three or six months or an uncertain one for the clinic are more likely to use aromatherapy. Most importantly, those who used aromatherapy have higher total scores on the Knowledge Scale and Attitude Scale. Conclusion: The worse sleep quality among middle-aged and elderly women with hypertension is quite severe. The uses of aromatherapy are common in female middle-aged patients, and can improve the symptoms of headaches and dizziness induced by hypertension. These results can provide to medical and nursing units for making health policy for female hypertensive patients. It is also recommended that patients learn more about aromatherapy to relieve their physical discomfort caused by hypertension and improve sleep quality. |
